{"id":4528,"date":"2025-08-06T10:54:41","date_gmt":"2025-08-06T14:54:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/?p=4528"},"modified":"2025-08-06T10:56:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T14:56:15","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%89-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/2025\/08\/06\/%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%89-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064b \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Fusarium) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0643\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0633\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0645 (Fusarium oxysporum)** (\u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 &#8211; f. spp.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a (Fusarium Wilt)** (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (f. spp.):**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. lycopersici`: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. cubense`: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 **\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627 (Panama Disease)** \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 4 &#8211; TR4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. vasinfectum`: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. niveum`: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u062e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. pisi`: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. asparagi`: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. dianthi`: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0641\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`f. sp. conglutinans`: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0641<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8230; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0630\u0628\u0648\u0644 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642)\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0645 (Fusarium graminearum)** (\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 *F. asiaticum*, *F. meridionale*, *F. boothii* \u0641\u064a *\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 F. graminearum*)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a (Fusarium Head Blight &#8211; FHB)** \u0623\u0648 **\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628 (Scab)** (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\/\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631)\u060c **\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0644\u0627 (Gibberella Ear Rot)** (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\/\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\/\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 (&#8220;\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631&#8221; &#8211; tombstone). \u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645:** \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c **\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (mycotoxins)** \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b **\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644 (Deoxynivalenol &#8211; DON\/\u0641\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646)** \u0648**\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646 (Zearalenone &#8211; ZEN)**\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633 (Fusarium verticillioides)** (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 *F. moniliforme*) \u0648 **\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0645 (Fusarium proliferatum)**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Fusarium Ear Rot)** \u0623\u0648 **\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a (Pink Ear Rot)** (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 &#8220;\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u061b \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645:** \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c **\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (Fumonisins &#8211; FB1, FB2\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e)**\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a (leukoencephalomalacia &#8211; LEM) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a (Fusarium solani species complex &#8211; FSSC)**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`F. solani f. sp. pisi`: \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`F. solani f. sp. phaseoli`: \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`F. solani f. sp. glycines`: \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 (Sudden Death Syndrome &#8211; SDS) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;`F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae`: \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u062e)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0630\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645 (Fusarium culmorum)**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (FHB)\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628 (Scab)** (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628)\u060c **\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c (Crown Rot)** (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628)\u060c **\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631** (\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0640 *F. graminearum* \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 (\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a)\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 (\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645:** \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 **\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644 (DON)** \u0648**\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646 (ZEN)** \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 *F. graminearum*.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0645 (Fusarium pseudograminearum)** (\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 *F. graminearum* Group 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c (Crown Rot)** (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0646\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631)\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645:** \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c DON.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Fusarium avenaceum)**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (FHB)\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0628 (Scab)** (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628)\u060c **\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631**\u060c **\u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631** (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u062b\u0631\u0649).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645:** \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 **\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 (Moniliformin)** \u0648**\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (Enniatins)**.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a (Fusarium equiseti)**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0625\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a (damping-off)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a (Fusarium fujikuroi)** (\u0636\u0645\u0646 *\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 Gibberella fujikuroi*)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064a (Bakanae Disease)** (&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0621&#8221; &#8211; &#8220;Foolish Seedling&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644:** \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636:** \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 &#8211; etiolation) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645:** \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a **\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Gibberellin)**\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 Survivals :** \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0640**\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u063a \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (chlamydospores)** \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631:** \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 &#8211; macroconidia)\u060c \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649:** \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Myootcxins):** \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 (DON, NIV, ZEN, Fumonisins, T-2\/HT-2, Moniliformin, Enniatins, Beauvericin) \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629:** \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 (\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a (IPM) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 (\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"430\" height=\"713\" data-id=\"4529\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6640.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6640.jpeg 430w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6640-181x300.jpeg 181w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"331\" height=\"339\" data-id=\"4530\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6641.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6641.jpeg 331w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6641-293x300.jpeg 293w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"486\" height=\"630\" data-id=\"4533\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6639.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6639.jpeg 486w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6639-231x300.jpeg 231w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"484\" height=\"383\" data-id=\"4532\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6642.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4532\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6642.png 484w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6642-300x237.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"522\" data-id=\"4531\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6643.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6643.jpeg 475w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IMG_6643-273x300.jpeg 273w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064b \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Fusarium) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u0648\u0643\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0633\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0645 (Fusarium oxysporum)** (\u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 &#8211; f. spp.) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:** **\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a (Fusarium Wilt)** (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a) &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4531,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,13,12,7,8,6,9,561],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-20","category-13","category-12","category-kh","category-8","category-ipd","category-9","category-561"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4528"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4534,"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4528\/revisions\/4534"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}