{"id":2314,"date":"2020-06-27T09:11:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T13:11:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/?p=2314"},"modified":"2020-06-27T09:12:20","modified_gmt":"2020-06-27T13:12:20","slug":"%d9%84%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%88%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/en_US\/2020\/06\/27\/%d9%84%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%88%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644  \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629  \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<br>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627.<br>\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0637\u0631 Didymella fabae \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a Ascochyta fabae \u0648\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Didymella fabae G.J. Jellis &amp; Punith. 1991 (Ascomycetes, Pleosporales)<br>Colonies of Ascochyta fabae on PDA white to ash-white with sparse to abundant pycnidia; reverse cream to light brown. Colonies more yellow on oat agar. Mycelium abundant, velvety, composed of hyaline to yellowish, smooth, branched, septate hyphae. Pycnidia separate partially immersed, yellow to brown, subglobose to globose, 200-250 \u03bcm with usually one papillate ostiole. Conidogenous cells hyaline, short subglobose to cylindrical, arising from innermost layer of cells surrounding pycnidial cavity. Conidia hyaline, straight or slightly curved, base slightly truncated or rounded, one- or sometimes two- or three-septate, 16-24 x 3.5-6 \u03bcm, not constricted at septa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Didymella fabae: ascomata on bean straw arranged in rows, immersed, becoming partially erumpent, dark brown, subglobose, single, separate, sometimes in groups, 180-240 x 130-150 \u03bcm, with short<br>necks, ostiolate. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, thin-walled, septate, 1-2 \u03bcm diam. Asci in a relatively flat layer, hyaline, cylindrical to subclavate, bitunicate, eight-spored, 55-70 x 10-14 \u03bcm, usually constricted near base to form a distinct foot. Ascospores irregularly distichous, hyaline, smooth, slightly biconic, broadly ellipsoid, two-celled, constricted at the septum, with upper cell broader than lower cell, 15-18 x 5.5-6.5 \u03bcm. Naturally discharged ascospores on bean straw turn yellowish to brown, sometimes three-septate (Jellis and Punithalingam, 1991). Ascospores produced as a result of some induced crosses between A. fabae isolates had a greater range in size than that of the type description (Kaiser et al., 1997), some attaining up to 23.5 in length and some up to 11.8 in breadth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>  \u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 https:\/\/nt.ars-grin.gov\/taxadescriptions\/factsheets\/pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp=Didymellafabae<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6FD4EF05-829C-442C-B180-FAE5E7E5B3E3-225x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2315\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6FD4EF05-829C-442C-B180-FAE5E7E5B3E3-scaled.jpeg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/?attachment_id=2315\" class=\"wp-image-2315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6FD4EF05-829C-442C-B180-FAE5E7E5B3E3-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6FD4EF05-829C-442C-B180-FAE5E7E5B3E3-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6FD4EF05-829C-442C-B180-FAE5E7E5B3E3-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6FD4EF05-829C-442C-B180-FAE5E7E5B3E3-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6FD4EF05-829C-442C-B180-FAE5E7E5B3E3-scaled.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/C53CD8BB-42C8-4305-B594-46CB497F3D0E-300x240.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2316\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/C53CD8BB-42C8-4305-B594-46CB497F3D0E.jpeg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/?attachment_id=2316\" class=\"wp-image-2316\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/C53CD8BB-42C8-4305-B594-46CB497F3D0E-300x240.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/C53CD8BB-42C8-4305-B594-46CB497F3D0E.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" src=\"https:\/\/meleigi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/6E997BE6-7C9A-41B1-ABB9-56B5053B938B-300x196.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"2317\" 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